Njirimara nke starch ọka wit, ụzọ mmepụta na ngwa ngwaahịa

Ọka wit bụ otu n'ime nri kacha mkpa n'ụwa. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi n'ụwa na-adabere na ọka wit dị ka nri bụ isi ha. Isi ihe a na-eji ọka wit bụ ime nri na nhazi starch. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọrụ ugbo nke mba m etolitela ngwa ngwa, mana ego ndị ọrụ ugbo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto, na nchịkọta ọka ndị ọrụ ugbo agbadala. Ya mere, ichọ ụzọ maka ọka wit nke obodo m, ịba ụba nke ọka wit, na ibuli ọnụ ahịa ọka wit aghọwo isi okwu na nhazi nke obodo m nke nhazi ọrụ ugbo na ọbụna na-emetụta ọganihu kwụsiri ike na nhazi nke akụ na ụba mba.
Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọka wit bụ starch, nke na-eme ihe dị ka 75% nke arọ ọka wit na bụ isi akụkụ nke ọka wit endosperm. E jiri ya tụnyere akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ, starch ọka wit nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị elu, dị ka viscosity na-ekpo ọkụ na obere okpomọkụ gelatinization. Usoro mmepụta, ihe anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ, ngwa ngwaahịa nke ọka wit, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọka wit na àgwà ọka amụwo nke ọma n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ. Edemede a na-achikota nkenke njirimara nke starch ọka wit, nkewa na teknụzụ mmịpụta, yana itinye starch na gluten.

1. Njirimara nke starch ọka wit
Ọdịnaya starch dị n'ụdị ọka wit bụ 58% ruo 76%, ọkachasị n'ụdị starch granules n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ endosperm nke ọka wit, yana ọdịnaya starch dị na ntụ ọka ọka bụ ihe dịka 70%. Ọtụtụ n'ime granules starch bụ gburugburu na oval, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta na-adịkarịghị n'ụdị. Dị ka nha starch granules si dị, enwere ike kewaa ọka wit n'ime nnukwu starch na obere granule starch. A na-akpọ nnukwu granules nwere dayameta nke 25 ruo 35 μm A starch, na-aza ihe dịka 93.12% nke akọrọ ọka starch; A na-akpọ obere granules nwere dayameta nke naanị 2 ruo 8 μm B starch, na-aza ihe dịka 6.8% nke akọrọ ọka starch. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-ekekwa granules ọka wit n'ime ụdị atọ dị ka dayameta ha si dị: ụdị A (10 ruo 40 μm), ụdị B (1 ruo 10 μm) na ụdị C (<1 μm), mana a na-ekewakarị ụdị C dị ka ụdị B. N'ihe gbasara ihe mejupụtara molekụla, starch ọka wit bụ amylose na amylopectin mejupụtara. Amylopectin dị na mpụga ọka ọka wit, ebe amylose na-anọkarị n'ime granules starch ọka wit. Amylose bụ 22% ruo 26% nke mkpokọta starch ọdịnaya, na amylopectin na-akpata 74% ruo 78% nke mkpokọta starch ọdịnaya. Tapawa ọka wit nwere njirimara nke viscosity dị ala na obere okpomọkụ gelatinization. Nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke viscosity mgbe gelatinization dị mma. The viscosity na-ebelata ntakịrị ka ogologo oge kpo oku na edemede. Ike nke gel mgbe jụrụ oyi dị elu.

2. Usoro mmepụta nke starch ọka wit

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ starch ọka wit na mba m na-eji usoro mmepụta usoro Martin, na akụrụngwa ya bụ igwe gluten, ihuenyo gluten, akụrụngwa ihicha gluten, wdg.

Gluten dryer airflow conlision vortex flash dryer bụ akụrụngwa na-echekwa ike. Ọ na-eji coal dị ka mmanụ ọkụ, ikuku oyi na-esikwa na igwe ọkụ na-agafe wee ghọọ ikuku ọkụ kpọrọ nkụ. A na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị a chụsasịrị n'ime ngwá ọrụ ahụ na steeti nkwụsịtụ, nke mere na gas na usoro siri ike na-aga n'ihu na ọsọ ọsọ dị elu, ma n'otu oge ahụ vaporize mmiri iji nweta nzube nke ihicha ihe.

3. Ngwa nke starch ọka wit

A na-esi na ntụ ọka wit na-emepụta starch. Dị ka anyị niile maara, obodo m nwere ọgaranya na ọka wit, na akụrụngwa ya zuru oke, a pụkwara ịmepụta ya n'afọ niile.

Starch ọka wheat nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ya. Enwere ike iji ya mee vermicelli na osikapa noodle wrappers, a na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, ịmepụta akwụkwọ, wdg. Ihe enyemaka starch ọka - gluten, nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ efere dị iche iche, a pụkwara imepụta ya na sausaji anaghị eri anụ mkpọ maka mbupụ. Ọ bụrụ na akpọnwụwo ya n'ime ntụ ntụ gluten na-arụ ọrụ, ọ dị mfe ichekwa ma bụrụkwa ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nri na nri.